The sunderban

The Sundarban is the largest mangrove forest in the world and located in the south western part of Bangladesh, in the district of Khulna and India (West Bengal). Here “Sundar” means “Beautiful” and “Ban” means “Forest”. This name came from “Sundari” tree that are found in large number in this forest. This beautiful forest is one of the major tourist attractions of Bangladesh and it is also a world heritage site which declared by UNESCO in 1997. This forest lies on the river of Padma, Brahmaputra and Meghna Delta at the point where it merges with

the Bay of Bengal. This forest consists of many islands, tidal rivers, creeks and canals. This forest also the finalist of the New7Wonders of nature.

Sundarban forests were originally measured about 250-300 years ago. Then it was 16, 947 square kilometers. After the partition of India in 1947, Bangladesh received about 2/3 part of this forest and India received another part of this forest. This forest is bounded by Khulna, Bagerhat and Satkhira districts, in the south by the Bay of Bengal, in the east by Perojpur, Barisal district, Baleswar River and in the west by Raimangal and Hariabhanga rivers which partially form Bangladesh boundary with West Bengal in India.

The first Forest Management Division of the Sundarban was created in 1869. A large portion of the mangrove forests was declared as reserved forests in 1875–76 under the Forest Act, 1865 (Act VIII of 1865) in 1875. In 1879, a Forest Division, which is the basic forest management and administration unit, was established with headquarter in Khulna, Bangladesh. The first management plan was written for the period 1893–98.

Sundarban’s climate is moderate. The annual rainfall in the Sundarban is average 64-70 inches. In the month of June to September this climate is too much monsoon. Besides this, air is always humid. But during ebb-tide, the forest becomes bare by 6 to 7 feet and at high tide (30 miles an hour) the entire territory of the forest floats on water. Soils are semi-solid and poorly consolidated in this forest. The pH ranges widely from 5.3 to 8.0. Sodium and calcium contents of the soil vary from 5.7 to 29.8 meq/100g dry soil and are generally low in the eastern region and higher towards the west but potassium content of the soil is low.

In 1903, a total of 245 genera and 334 plant species were recorded by David Prain. Sundari, Dhundul, Keora, Kankra and Gewa are the major tree in this beautiful forest. Among grasses, trees and Palms are well distributed in this forest. Mangrove plants live in hostile environmental conditions such as high salinity, hypoxic (oxygen deficient) waterlogged soil strata, tidal pressures, strong winds and sea waves. To cope with such a hostile environment, mangroves exhibit highly evolved morphological and physiological adaptations to extreme conditions. But a Mangrove plant doesn’t need salt. These plants are facultative halophytes. So, these plants can grow very well into fresh water. But Keora, Nypa fruticans, Poresia coaractata, Phragmites karka, Imperata cylindrica, and Myriostachya wightiana and many other trees and grasses are well distributed in this beautiful forest. They created an excellent environment in this forest such like a beautiful picture.

Sundarban has a rich wildlife habitat with excellent ecosystem. According to the 2011 tiger census, the Sundarban have about 270 tigers but previous estimates had suggested much higher figures close to 300 though it was a rough estimate. This is the home of Royal Bengal Tiger. As a result, tiger attacks are frequent in this forest. 190 to 260 people are killed per year. But now a day, many tigers are killed by men due to their sudden attack. Besides this, Sundarban forest also contains with some Panther and leopard. Many small fishes, hermit crabs, Crocodile, Saltwater Crocodile, Mugger Crocodile, Estuarine Crocodile, many kinds or Rhino, Elephant, Fishing Cats, Jungle Cats, Foxes, spotted deer, Chital deer, Hog deer, Macaques, wild boars, Gangetic Dolphins, Common Grey Mongooses, Gharial, Water monitor lizards, Sharks, Pangolins, River Terrapins, Shrimps, Butter Fish, Silver carp, Electric rays, Rhesus Macaque, Water Buffalos Indian Muntjacs, Skipping Frogs, Tree Frogs, Flying Foxes, many kinds of snakes and many other animals and fishes are also found in the Sundarban. It is a normal estimated that, there are now at least 500 Bengal tigers and about 31,000 spotted deer in the area.

Sundarban forest has also rich in bird life. There are many kinds of birds in the Sundarban. Such as, Open Billed Storks, White-bellied Sea Eagles, Brown-winged Kingfishers, Gray Herons, Seagulls, Open Billed Storks, Pariah Kites, Cotton Teals, Red Jungle fowls, Coots, Jungle Crows, Common Snipes, Fishing Eagles, White Eyed Pochards, Wood Sandpipers, Paradise Flycatchers, Jungle Babblers, Marsh Harriers, Black-tailed Godwits, Common Kingfishers, Curlews, Whistling Teals, Little Stints, Spot-billed Pelicans, Pheasant-tailed Jacanas, Common Mynahs, Bangladesh’s National Bird “Doel” and many others.

Sundarban is not only a wonderful forest of Bangladesh but also the whole world. It is a unique forest in the world. So, if you will visit Bangladesh, you must visit this forest. If anybody vote this forest into any contest (such as New7Wonders) or not our Sundarban is always beautiful and the biggest mangrove forest in the world.

Co`x bazar

Today’s Cox’sbazar was named “Palonki” before it became Cox’sbazar. If we converge to a little 5/7 km south from Cox’sbazar town, there are some villages into that area and the entire locality over there is largely known as “Kolatoli” these days. Palonki was basically situated into that locality, where most of the residents where people from a tribe called “Rakhain”. ['Burmese Market' is very well known as a respective part of Cox'sbazar tourism for many decades. Most of here's merchants & their employees are basically from this 'Rakhain' tribe]. This name ‘Palonki’ is closely related with the Mughal history. Mughal Prince Shah Shuja was passing through this area with his companions as well as troops. While passing this locality, Shuja was attracted to the scenic and captivating beauty of the place. He commanded his forces to camp there as the entire convoy halted into this place. The entire convoy contained with thousands of ‘palki’/'palonki’s which were halted and kept after camping in that aria.

An 18th Century Palki/PalonkiThis break of Shah Shuja’s ‘palonki’ convoy has led this areas name to be ‘Palonki’. Another local expression of ‘palonki’ is ‘dula’. Thousands of ‘palonki’s were kept at once which was sounded as “Hazar Dula” or, “Dula Hazra” (means, Thousands of Palonkis). Following this, an area near Cox’sbazar called ‘Dulahazra’, kept this story into its name.

Road to KolatoliAfter the massive exodus of Arakan in 18th century, many of Arakan immigrants were likely to travel through these areas. These Arakans were pushed out from their habitat and after being homeless, they were sort of desperate to settle a place to live in areas around Palonki. Suddenly, Rakhains started loosing their territories as certain areas were becoming taken over by Arakans, where Rakhains were used to use them for cultivations. Several bloody conflicts held between them. Another problem which came to Rakhains was Arakan pirates. Pirates started attacking their home which they ended up through murder, burning homes, rape etc. Loss of territories & attacks from pirates took Rakhains into the situation of leaving their own habitat.

After the East India Company Act in 1773, Warren Hastings was given the charge of Bengal as Governor, as well as a new British Administrator was set in Chittagong. It was late 1770s, when the Palonki unrest between Rakhains & outsider Arakans were taken into consideration by British rule in Bengal. The growing power of outsider Arakans were taken as a threat and the British administrator felt this important to be resolved. In any time in 1780s, an army under command of a British East India Company officer, Captain Hiram Cox, was sent to take over Palonki and push Arakans out of that area. But Captain Cox came as another wave of trouble for Rakhains as he ordered his army to burn homes & arrest local residents randomly, where victims were mostly Rakhains than Arakans. But it took a year & Captain Cox succeeded to his objective as no Arakans were seen into that area from then. After this success Captain Hiram Cox was appointed as the Superintendent of Palonki Outpost. However, he was taken very positively by local Rakhains because he was the person who made Arakans flee from Palonki and this made Rakhains to get back their territories. Captain Cox lived two more years after muscling out Arakans. He was killed from malaria.

Bak-khali RiverCaptain Hiram Cox was buried somewhere by the bank of river ‘Bak-khali’. His grave was later never found. Before dying from malaria, Cox opened a market into that area. This market was later found largely helpful to local Rakhains. Notably, after British takeover, that area no more belonged to Rakhains fully. Many landless & homeless Bangalis where brought to that area by British. This area was also opened for common people to settle. Basically, East India Company where somehow interested to settle an urban administration into that are and succeeded. The main administrative locality was built centralizing the market once opened by Captain Hiram Cox. As, ‘Bazar’ is the Bangla form of the word ‘market’, this place was named Cox’sbazar (The Market of Cox) by local people.

After the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857, British East India Company rule over India was criticized and this was fully reconsidered by the Queen of British Crown, as it was withdrawn from India and all of its assets including its armed forces & territories were taken over by the British Crown. The British Crown declared Cox’sbazar as a district of British India. This is how our most favorite place got established.

Eiffel Tower

Eiffel Tower Paris, France since 1889 has been completed, has become a symbol of France. This building up to 320 meters by 12 000 metal parts connected, sharing over 9000 tons of steel. French feminine and delicate character, they do not put this monster called “hero” or “real man” and the like, but close to it as “Iron Lady.”

Iron Maiden proudly stands, graceful, wind and rain have been standing a hundred years. Since it is a “lady”, then it will have shower bath, dressing. But the lady in Paris 118 years, was washed a total of 18 times. A minimum of two years, the longest time it washed once a bath for several decades. The poor record, not only will “Snake” sad, even more will cause the “man who” tears.

So, the “Iron Lady” is how a bath of it? As the complexity of building the Eiffel Tower, so it has to be used for artificial paint. The paint itself is made ??with special materials, its life longer than other paints. As a large tower structure, the number can not be too artificial, usually around 25, the workers first sanding steel, the aging of the paint scraped off, and brush on the primer.

Subsequently, the workers put 55 tons a good tune a little bit of paint applied to the tower up, this is an important part of protecting the Eiffel Tower. Workers should paint coating to all parts of the tower: the sunny side, toward the negative side, the windward side of the top … … is the most difficult corners at the top of the tower, one can only bent body, or the tilt of the body work. Although all with safety rope, there is not much danger, but by the workers as saying: “paint this beautiful tower is indeed a hard work.”

Tower in the paint when the tower business as usual. There are a large number of daily visitors from, and sometimes paint drip in the tourists who will have staff to help clear. In the absence of this paint is easy to remove when dry, but dries as solid as a rock.

“Iron Lady” key to take a bath, is used to paint the Eiffel Tower. This paint color is very unique, the composition of three different shades of brown, dark brown bottom, top is light brown, it has a special name called the “Eiffel Tower brown.” General, people in the tour when the only tall tower amazed by the magnificent courage, for her the admiration of creative talent, Tower hand, few people concerned about the color. In fact, “Iron Lady” of the United States, except for her graceful posture, she is their combination of color and light, it makes even more radiant tower, food for thought.

Mr. Eiffel Tower’s designers had the original delivery of drawings, said: “Only the right paint, in order to protect the life of this metal building.” This sentence is for the maintenance of the Iron Lady is applicable, it is also more suitable for maintain emotional people today: meticulous care, from start to finish, this is the world largest beauty lies in.

Taj mahal

The Taj Mahal of Agra is one of the Seven Wonders of the World, for reasons more than just looking magnificent. It was in the memory of his beloved wife that Shah Jahan built a magnificent monument as a tribute to her, which we today know as the "Taj Mahal". The construction of Taj Mahal started in the year 1631. Masons, stonecutters, inlayers, carvers, painters, calligraphers, dome-builders and other artisans were requisitioned from the whole of the empire and also from Central Asia and Iran, and it took approximately 22 years to build what we see today. An epitome of love, it made use of the services of 22,000 laborers and 1,000 elephants. The monument was built entirely out of white marble, which was brought in from all over India and central Asia. After an expenditure of approximately 32 million rupees (approx US $68000), Taj Mahal was finally completed in the year 1653.

Shat gambuj masjid

Shat gambuj mosjid is the most traveling place in Bangladesh.it is situated in bagerhat district nearest monograba  forest.  at (1442-59) known as khalifatabad.in mad -15^th century a Muslim colony was founded shat gambuj masjid his name is ulugh khan jahan ali .he was the earliest torchbearer of Islam .he adorned his cityNumber of mosques,tanks ,roads and public. The mosque is roofed over with 77 squat domes, including7 chauchala or four-said dome in the middle row. The vast prayer halls provided with 11 arched doorways on east and 7 each on north and south for ventilation anted light. It has 7 longitudinal aisles and 11deep bays by a forest of slender stones columns . from this columns spring rows of endless arches, supporting the domes. The arches are six feet in thickness,have slightly tapering hollow and supporting the dome. The arches are six feet in thickness,have slightly tapering polyandrous walls. The interior and the exterior of the mosque give a view of rather plain  architecture but the the interior western wall of the mosque is beautifully decorated with terracotta flowers and foliage.